The Most Common Forms of Cancer in the U.S. and When You Should Get Screened

Cancer is a leading cause of illness and death across the globe, and the United States is no exception. It’s a word that can spark fear, but it’s also one that underscores the critical importance of early detection and proactive healthcare. Regular cancer screenings save lives by identifying the disease in its earliest and most treatable stages. Understanding the most common cancer types and when to get screened can empower you to take charge of your health. Here’s what you need to know.

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the U.S., apart from skin cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 8 women will develop invasive breast cancer at some point in their lifetime. While it is less common, men can also develop breast cancer, although they account for less than 1% of all cases.

Recommended Screenings:

• Mammograms: Women aged 40-44 can consider annual mammograms, while those aged 45-54 should undergo yearly screenings. From age 55 onwards, screenings can often be done every two years. However, if there is a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors, screening may start earlier.
• Clinical Breast Exams: These are often part of routine annual checkups and are recommended for women starting in their 20s and 30s.

Early detection through mammograms has significantly improved survival outcomes, making screening a vital tool for combatting breast cancer.

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosis among men in the U.S. after skin cancer. It often progresses very slowly, which means early-stage prostate cancer may not show symptoms. However, early detection can help address aggressive forms of the disease before they spread.

Recommended Screenings:

• PSA Test (Prostate-Specific Antigen): Men aged 50 and older should discuss PSA testing with their healthcare provider. For African American men, or those with a family history of prostate cancer, this conversation should happen at age 45.
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): This simple exam may also be part of prostate screening recommendations.

While opinions on PSA testing vary due to potential overdiagnosis, it remains an important tool for many men, especially those in higher-risk categories.

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women in the U.S. While often associated with smoking, non-smokers can and do develop lung cancer as well. Factors such as prolonged exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, and air pollution can also increase risk.

Recommended Screenings:

• Low-Dose CT Scan (LDCT): Screening is recommended for adults aged 50-80 with a history of smoking—defined as a 20-pack-year smoking history (e.g., one pack a day for 20 years). Current smokers or individuals who quit within the past 15 years should speak with their doctors about yearly LDCT screenings.

Because lung cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage, screenings are vital for high-risk individuals to catch it early when treatments are more effective.

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in both men and women, and the risk increases with age. However, over the last few decades, screening advancements and awareness have led to a decline in deaths related to colorectal cancer.

Recommended Screenings:

• Colonoscopy: Beginning at age 45, adults should have a colonoscopy every 10 years if no risk factors or abnormalities are found. Those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors may need earlier and more frequent screenings.
• Stool-based Tests: Non-invasive tests, such as the FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test) or stool DNA tests, offer additional screening options. These are less invasive but must be performed more frequently.

Colorectal cancer is highly treatable when caught early, and regular screenings can even help prevent it by identifying precancerous polyps that can be removed.

Why Early Screening Matters

Detecting cancer early not only increases the chances of successful treatment but can also improve overall outcomes and survival rates. Many cancers don’t cause noticeable symptoms in their early stages, which is why regular screenings are so important. Additionally, early detection often allows for less invasive and more cost-effective treatment, reducing the impact on your health and quality of life.

Speaking with Your Primary Care Physician

If you’re unsure about your cancer risk or when to get screened, don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider. They can help guide you through recommended screenings based on your age, family history, and lifestyle. Proactive healthcare is one of the greatest tools we have for reducing the burden of cancer.

Schedule an appointment with your PCP at Frances Mahon Deaconess Hospital. You’ll have access to vital specialty care in our area so you can ensure you have a real partner in care.

Call us at (406) 228-3500 to learn more!